Illuminating Tourism
Tourism is one of the biggest industries in the world and generates 11% of the global GDP. [1] Although tourism is not a typical factory which has a chimney, it is still hazardous and malignant. The travel industry produces 4.8 million tons of waste every year, and that is double the amount of daily household waste. This non-chimney industry does attribute to our Manufacture Landscape and quietly aggravates its impact. For instance, the stinky, smelly, filthy, and ugly Fisherman's Wharf in San Francisco is full of trash and unfinished bread bowls that are produced by millions of senseless tourists. Local San Franciscans refuse to walk through Fisherman's Wharf. The place has become an outer zone of the city and only belongs to tourists and the tourism industry. The conflict between locals and tourists is intangible, but continually becomes more serious and can transform the local environment, society, and people's daily lives. 1 “Environment Alert Bulletin,” United Nations Environment Programme, accessed April, 2005, http://www.grid.unep.ch/product/publication/download/ew_tourism.en.pdf
Manufracture: Recreate lightillumination
大量製造的副作用專題：
垃圾再製: 燈具照明裝置（實驗性作品）
Manu'fracture' light 拋棄形式的旅遊商業行為，與大量製造產生的廢棄物問題日益嚴重，設計師將原本的垃圾再製而成燈具照明裝置。
My goal is to illuminate and reveal travelers' inappropriate, alien behaviors, their over-consumption, senseless responses, and their magnified vices. Tourists most indulgent and wasteful traveling experiences will be the primary subject of exposure.
Disposable Razors consumption
Razors occupy over 80% of male toiletry sales market. [2] However, this negligible object generates a huge toxic consumption. In United States, we toss over two billion disposable razors every year, which is almost seven times the amount of the population. [3] Disposable items are common supplies and cause people to double their waste while traveling. Holidays make the enormous abundance even worse than daily disposal. In order to make people pay attention to what they typically disregard, I plan to create lighting devices that are constructed from tourists' disposed razor waste, which might be able to light up their awareness and consideration.
2 “Male Toiletries in the US to 2014,” United States Environmental Protection Agency, last modified October 01, 2010,http://www.epa.gov/superfund/students/clas_act/haz-ed/ff06.pdf 3 “Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA),” Travel Industry Wire, last modified October, 2010,,http://www.travelindustrywire.com/report-2850628-Male_Toiletries_in_the_US_to_____.html
Reconstruct the tourism waste into illumination
I used these negligible, navy blue, double-bladed disposable male razors made by Dorco Co. to build two iconic lamp-shaped illuminations.[4] One is a side-table lamp, a typical hotel night light form; another one is a wall lamp, a classic street light shape. They both indicate travel and mass tourism. Respectively, they are constructed out of 80 and 64 razors, which are meaningful numbers in toiletry sales and waste production. The male razors and blades category led the male toiletries market in the US, accounting for a share of over 80%, and the average disposal of razors in the United States is 64 pieces per second. [5] The dramatic and astonishing data reinforces the problems of our discarding habit and irresponsible mentalities. These two representative iconic lamps symbolize and illustrate the negative impact of mass tourism and attempt to manifest and claim that tourists' magnified ecological offenses can deeply harm the local environment and travel quality.
4 Dorco Co. Ltd. founded in 1955, has concentrated for half a century on exclusively manufacturing razors.
5 “Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA),” Travel Industry Wire, last modified October, 2010,,http://www.travelindustrywire.com/report-2850628-Male_Toiletries_in_the_US_to_____.html
Prototype Testing , manufractured wastes
My first step was to discover, search, gather and scavenge travel-related objects, such as disposable waste and travel belongings. I went to thrift stores, hardware stores, dollar stores and also collected my own daily garbage, like food packages, water bottles and disposable forks. Though my collecting and salvaging process, I discovered the cheapest and most inferior travel related items are disposable razors, which are $1.29 dollar per pack and are one of the typical hotel's lavatory supplies.
The following step was to experiment and test out the possibilities of disposable razors by deconstructing and recombining them though burning, heating, smashing, sawing, cutting, twisting, clipping, scratching, bending, drilling, folding, tying, stacking, sewing, wrapping, gluing, and connecting. Then, I applied my familiar metal working methodology and developed a consistent way and repeated it to arrange the cheapest, navy blue razors. I used tweezers to carefully remove all the sharp, dangerous blades, and used a hand saw and files to adjust their lengths, angles, shapes and details. In order to construct a stable form, I decided to arrange razors in a solid circle base and to draw them close to each other. Through tying and gluing, the structures can be more sound. I also applied multiple materials to create different sizes of the circular based frames, like noodle cups, soda caps, used tape frames, tin cans, and plastic caster cups. The singular methods are able to create multiple, plentiful, and playful forms and structures.
